Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland leaders have signed a landmark memorandum of understanding calling for the right to self-determination and constitutional change. The agreement was signed in Cardiff by SNP leader John Swinney, Plaid Cymru leader Rhun ap Iorwerth and Sinn Féin leaders Michelle O’Neill and Mary Lou McDonald.

The Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland leaders declared that their nations should determine their own constitutional futures without Westminster blocking democratic decisions.

Under the agreement, Scotland and Wales could pursue independence from the United Kingdom, while Northern Ireland could seek reunification with the Republic of Ireland.

However, the memorandum does not automatically remove any territory from the UK or guarantee independence or Irish reunification. Instead, the leaders are demanding that the British Government prepare for and facilitate potential constitutional changes through democratic processes.

Swinney has called for another Scottish independence referendum within the next five years, although the UK Government has resisted holding another vote for now.

Meanwhile, Northern Ireland’s constitutional future remains governed by the principle of consent established under the Good Friday Agreement.The agreement marks an unprecedented moment, with pro-independence or nationalist parties leading the governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland simultaneously.

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