Sexual assault and rape cases have become a deeply troubling reality in many communities, and protecting the girl child must remain a priority. While no one is ever responsible for being assaulted, knowing what to do immediately after an incident can make a significant difference medically, legally and emotionally.

This guide outlines verified and practical steps to take after sexual assault in Nigeria, how to seek help, and where to report safely.

What To Do Immediately After Sexual Assault

The first and most important thing to remember is that the survivor is not to blame. Sexual violence is never the victim’s fault.

If an assault has just occurred, the following steps are strongly recommended by medical professionals and support organisations:

Seek immediate safety

Move to a safe place away from the attacker. This could be a trusted neighbour’s house, a friend’s home, or any secure public location.

Get medical attention as soon as possible

It is crucial to visit a hospital immediately, even if there are no visible injuries. Government hospitals and reputable private hospitals are trained to handle sexual assault cases. Medical care may include treatment for injuries, prevention of sexually transmitted infections, emergency contraception where appropriate, and proper documentation.

Avoid bathing or changing clothes if possible

Although this can be emotionally difficult, try not to bathe, brush teeth, or wash clothes before seeing a medical professional. This helps preserve potential evidence. If clothes must be changed, keep them in a clean paper bag and take them to the hospital.

Request a medical report

A medical examination report is important if the case will be reported to the police. Hospitals can provide documentation that may be needed for investigation.

Where To Report Sexual Assault In Nigeria

Reporting sexual assault is a personal decision, but it can help bring justice and prevent further harm.

Report to the Police

Survivors can report to the nearest police station. In Nigeria, the Police Force has dedicated Gender Units in some divisions to handle such cases. The Nigeria Police emergency number is 112 in many states.

Contact the Sexual Assault Referral Centres

Several states have established Sexual Assault Referral Centres that provide medical, legal and psychological support at little or no cost. Examples include centres in Lagos, Abuja and other major cities.

Reach out to the National Human Rights Commission

The National Human Rights Commission in Nigeria also receives complaints related to sexual violence and can guide survivors on next steps.

Speak to trusted adults

For minors, it is important to inform a trusted adult such as a parent, guardian, teacher or school counsellor immediately.

While responsibility always lies with perpetrators, there are preventive measures that can help reduce vulnerability.

Education and awareness

Parents and guardians should educate girls early about body autonomy, consent and safe boundaries. Children should understand that no one has the right to touch them inappropriately.

Encourage open communication

Girls should feel safe speaking up without fear of blame or punishment. Silence often protects abusers.

Know emergency contacts

Keep emergency numbers saved and memorised. Girls should know how to call for help quickly.

Online safety

With increasing online interactions, it is important to avoid sharing personal details, home addresses or private images with strangers.

Community vigilance

Schools, religious centres and communities must actively promote safeguarding policies and zero tolerance for abuse.

Sexual assault can cause trauma, anxiety, fear and depression. Seeking counselling or therapy is highly recommended. Many NGOs in Nigeria provide free counselling services for survivors.

Family members must offer support without judgement. Avoid asking blaming questions. Instead, listen, reassure and focus on safety and recovery.

Sexual violence thrives in silence. Creating safe spaces for girls to speak, strengthening reporting systems, and holding perpetrators accountable are critical steps toward change.

Every girl deserves safety, dignity and protection. Knowing what to do after sexual assault can empower survivors to take immediate action and access the support they need.